{"id":28512,"date":"2021-06-01T15:59:45","date_gmt":"2021-06-01T13:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reflect-ba.de\/zasto-nismo-uspjeli-razviti-svijest-o-opcem-dobru\/"},"modified":"2021-06-08T04:26:15","modified_gmt":"2021-06-08T02:26:15","slug":"zasto-nismo-uspjeli-razviti-svijest-o-opcem-dobru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reflect-ba.de\/de\/zasto-nismo-uspjeli-razviti-svijest-o-opcem-dobru\/","title":{"rendered":"Za\u0161to nismo uspjeli razviti svijest o op\u0107em dobru?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Komentar pojmova \u201eel-ma’ruf\u201c i \u201eel-munker\u201c kroz hadis ili za\u0161to do sada nismo uspjeli razviti svijest o op\u0107em dobru?<\/p>\n

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“Tako mi Onoga u \u010dijoj je ruci moj \u017eivot! Ili \u0107ete zahtijevati da se \u010dini ono \u0161to svi kao dobro priznaju, i zahtijevati da se ne \u010dini ono \u0161to svi kao zlo priznaju, ili \u0107e vam Allah poslati kaznu, pa \u0107ete ga dozivati, a On vam se ne\u0107e odazvati“ (Tirmizi, hasen hadis)<\/p>\n

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Muslimani \u010desto s pravom nagla\u0161avaju da je jedna od najzna\u010dajnijih odrednica njihove vjere, islama: el-emru bil-ma’rufi ve-nehju anil-munker – promicanje dobra i odvra\u0107anje od zla. Ovaj kur’anski izraz, kojeg \u010desto susre\u0107emo i u hadisima Allahovog Poslanika, a.s., veoma je va\u017ean, jer kada bismo nauk islama trebali sa\u017eeti u jednu kratku re\u010denicu, bilo bi dovoljno kazati da islam ima dva osnovna \u0161arta: vjerovati i \u010diniti dobro. Me\u0111utim, problem nastaje kada ovu kur’ansko-hadisku sentencu poku\u0161amo preto\u010diti u na\u0161 jezik i na\u0161u \u017eivotnu realnost. Naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e se koriste izrazi nare\u0111ivanje ili promicanje dobra, odnosno zabranjivanje ili odvra\u0107anje od zla, u obratnom smjeru. U ovom radu \u0107emo se osvrnuti na prevo\u0111enje i tuma\u010denje pojmova el-ma’ruf i el-munker kroz Kur’an i hadis, u poku\u0161aju da ponudimo odgovor na pitanje: za\u0161to mi, muslimani, do sada nismo uspjeli razviti svijest o op\u0107em dobru?<\/p>\n

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Klasi\u010dni pristup ili problem uop\u0107enih i nedefiniranih pojmova<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010citaju\u0107i prijevode kur’anskih ajeta ili hadisa, u kojima se ovi pojmovi spominju, obi\u010dno se susre\u0107emo sa klasi\u010dnim pristupom koji ote\u017eava njihovo razumijevanje ili ga potpuno zamagljuje. Za primjer navodimo jedan ajet i jedan hadis kako slijedi:<\/p>\n

\u201eI neka me\u0111u vama bude onih koji \u0107e na dobro pozivati i tra\u017eiti da se \u010dini dobro, a od zla odvra\u0107ati \u2013 oni \u0107e \u0161ta \u017eele posti\u0107i.\u201c<\/em> (Ali\u00a0Imran,\u00a0104)<\/p>\n

\u201eTako mi Onoga u \u010cijoj ruci je moja du\u0161a! Ili \u0107ete nare\u0111ivati dobro a odvra\u0107ati od zla, ili \u0107e vam Allah poslati kaznu, pa \u0107ete Ga moliti, a On vam se ne\u0107e odazivati.\u201c<\/em> (Tirmizi)<\/p>\n

U Ustavu IZ u BiH stoji da se cilj Islamske zajednice ostvaruje promicanjem dobra i odvra\u0107anjem od zla.<\/p>\n

Problem uop\u0107enih, ili bolje kazano, nedefiniranih pojmova, ovdje se uo\u010dava sasvim jasno. Koliko je meni poznato, do sada je jedino Nurko Karaman u svom prijevodu Kur\u2019ana ispravno preveo izraz el-ma\u2019ruf, <\/strong>kao ono \u0161to je svima dobro znano<\/strong> ili ono \u0161to svi kao dobro priznaju.<\/strong> S druge strane, izraz el-munker,<\/strong> nije preveo na sli\u010dan na\u010din, nego je ostavio uobi\u010dajeni izraz: ono \u0161to je poku\u0111eno. Doista, kada \u010ditamo klasi\u010dne prijevode Kur\u2019ana i pro\u010ditamo sadr\u017eaj 104. ajeta Ali Imran, kao u gornjem primjeru, primjetit \u0107emo da prevodioci ne prave razliku izme\u0111u izraza hajr i ma\u2019ruf, nego i jedan i drugi izraz prevode kao dobro. Dakle, \u010ditaju\u0107i prijevod Kur\u2019ana na bosanskom jeziku, da se razumjeti kako se na dobro treba pozivati, te da treba tra\u017eiti (zahtijevati) \u010dinjenje dobra, a od zla (treba) odvra\u0107ati. Ali, \u0161ta je dobro? Dobro je dobro djelo. Dobro je lijepa rije\u010d. Dobro je sadaka i tako dalje. Kako napraviti razliku izme\u0111u ovih pojmova i da li je ona nu\u017ena?<\/p>\n

U jednom prijevodu Kur\u2019ana na njema\u010dki jezik, izraz el-ma\u2019ruf<\/strong> je preveden kao ono \u0161to je ispravno <\/strong>(was Rechtens ist), dok je izraz el-munker<\/strong> preveden kao ono \u0161to je neispravno <\/strong>(Unrecht). Me\u0111utim, kako \u0107e prosje\u010dno obrazovani \u010ditatelji znati \u0161ta je dobro i \u0161ta se pod time podrazumijeva, te \u0161ta je ispravno ili neispravno? Zato u gore naslovljenom hadisu stoji: \u201eIli \u0107ete zahtijevati da se \u010dini ono \u0161to svi kao dobro priznaju<\/strong> i odvra\u0107ati od onoga \u0161to svi kao zlo priznaju<\/strong>, ili \u0107e vam Allah poslati kaznu, pa \u0107ete ga dozivati, a On vam se ne\u0107e odazvati.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

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Inovativni pristup<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ukoliko izraze el-ma\u2019ruf<\/strong> i el-munker<\/strong> ne prevedemo na ovakav na\u010din (a na\u017ealost, ne prevodimo ih tako), onda \u0107emo, doista, imati problem sa kolektivnom svije\u0161\u0107u muslimana, kao \u0161to je to danas slu\u010daj. Jer, za ve\u0107inu muslimana, dobro je nazvati selam, dobro je namaz obaviti, dobro je podijeliti sadaku i tako dalje. Navedene stvari i jesu dobro, tu nema nikakve dileme. Me\u0111utim, izraz el-ma\u2019ruf<\/strong> ozna\u010dava op\u0107e dobro, dobro oko kojeg se svi sla\u017eu, dobro koje svi ljudi i narodi priznaju, bez obzira na vjeroispovijest, naciju, boju ko\u017ee i tome sli\u010dno. Isto tako, izraz el-munker<\/strong> ozna\u010dava zlo ili ono \u0161to je poku\u0111eno i \u0161to izaziva osudu svih vjerozakona, religijskih tradicija i kultura.<\/p>\n

Na dobro se poziva, op\u0107e dobro se zahtijeva, ono se, na izvjestan na\u010din ultimativno pod prijetnjom dru\u0161tveno-pravne sankcije i nare\u0111uje. Od zla se odvra\u0107a rije\u010dima i savjetima, ali odvra\u0107anje od op\u0107eg zla se zahtijeva. U jednom vjerodostojnom hadisu stoji:\u00a0 \u201eKod od vas vidi munker, neka ga (poku\u0161a) rukom ukloniti (tj. silom, pod prijetnjom dru\u0161tvene ili pravne sankcije). Onaj ko to nije u stanju, neka ga (poku\u0161a) ukloniti rije\u010dima (tj. neka ga prijavi nadle\u017enim organima koji su zadu\u017eeni za suzbijanje takve vrste zla). Ko nije ni to u stanju u\u010diniti, neka srcem svojim osje\u0107a odvratnost prema tom \u010dinu, ali ovo posljednje je dokaz slabosti vjere u \u010dovjeka.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

U op\u0107e dobro ili ono \u0161to svi kao dobro priznaju (el-ma’ruf<\/strong>) spadaju: pravda i jednakost (ljudi pred zakonom), za\u0161tita ljudskog dostojanstva, za\u0161tita prava i sloboda \u010dovjeka, za\u0161tita okoli\u0161a (biljnog i \u017eivotinjskog svijeta), za\u0161tita ekonomskih sloboda \u010dovjeka i njegovog prava na rad, za\u0161tita slobode govora i izra\u017eavanja itd. U ono \u0161to svi (narodi) kao zlo priznaju (el-munker<\/strong>) spadaju: korupcija i mito, nezakonito boga\u0107enje, nepotizam, mobing i kr\u0161enje osnovnih ljudskih prava i sloboda, ugro\u017eavanje biljnog i \u017eivotinjskog svijeta itd.<\/p>\n

Za\u0161to do sada nismo uspjeli razviti svijest o op\u0107em dobru, pitanje je koje smo postavili u naslovu ovog rada? Odgovor se sam name\u0107e. Primje\u0107ujemo kako se muslimani posebno anga\u017euju da podijele \u0161to vi\u0161e iftara, kurbana ili humanitarne pomo\u0107i siroma\u0161nim muslimanima, pa \u010dak i onima koji to nisu. Sve ovo nabrojano spada u hajr (dobro) ili dobro djelo. Me\u0111utim, boriti se, tra\u017eiti ili zahtijevati da se sva\u010dije pravo po\u0161tuje, da svi ljudi (muslimani i oni koji to nisu) imaju jednake mogu\u0107nosti, jednaka prava (pravo na zdravstvenu za\u0161titu, pravo na jednaka primanja itd.), te da u svojim pravima budu izjedna\u010deni s drugima (koliko je mogu\u0107e), sve ovo navedeno spada pod pojam el-ma\u2019ruf – zahtijevanje da se \u010dini ono \u0161to svi kao (op\u0107e) dobro priznaju.<\/p>\n

Ako precizno ne prevedemo ove pojmove, kroz prijevode kur\u2019anskog i hadiskog teksta i ako iste ne kontekstualiziramo na na\u010din da iz njihovog tuma\u010denja i konkretne prakti\u010dne primjene proizilazi promjena dru\u0161tvene stvarnosti ili na\u0161e kolektivne svijesti, na\u0161e stanje se ne\u0107e promijeniti nabolje. Jer, Onaj koga budemo dozivali, On nam se ne\u0107e odazvati. On je objavio Knjigu, \u010diji su ajeti jasni, Njegove rije\u010di treba prvo razumjeti (fikh), a zatim o istim treba promisliti (tedebbur), te vidjeti na koji na\u010din se oni trebaju reflektirati na na\u0161u \u017eivotnu stvarnost. Pravilno razumijevanje blagoslovljenih tekstova (\u0161to svakako uklju\u010duje i ispravno prevo\u0111enje tekstova Kur\u2019ana i sunneta) i razmi\u0161ljanje o njima, od strane onih koji su razumom obdareni i koji su sposobni da doku\u010de njihove mudrosti i pouke, osnovni su uvjeti za razvijanje svijesti o op\u0107em dobru kod muslimana.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner column_structure=“1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=“on“ gutter_width=“1″ make_equal=“on“ module_class=“tablet-two-cols phone-2cols-1-2″ _builder_version=“4.9.4″ _module_preset=“default“ custom_margin=“50px||||false|false“ custom_margin_tablet=“30px||40px||false|false“ custom_margin_phone=“20px||0px||false|false“ custom_margin_last_edited=“on|phone“ custom_padding=“0px||0px||true|false“ box_shadow_style=“preset2″ box_shadow_horizontal=“45px“ box_shadow_vertical=“17px“ box_shadow_blur=“56px“ box_shadow_spread=“1px“ box_shadow_color=“rgba(0,0,0,0.08)“ global_module=“28554″ saved_tabs=“all“][et_pb_column_inner type=“1_2″ _builder_version=“4.9.4″ _module_preset=“default“ background_image=“https:\/\/reflect-ba.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/reflect-bg-10.png“ background_size=“initial“ background_position=“center_left“][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/reflect-ba.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/reflect-osman-kozlic-by.jpg“ alt=“Autor Osman Kozli\u0107“ title_text=“reflect: Osman Kozli\u0107“ url=“@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9hdXRob3JfdXJsIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnt9fQ==@“ align=“right“ _builder_version=“4.9.4″ _dynamic_attributes=“url“ _module_preset=“default“ width=“80%“ width_tablet=“100%“ width_phone=““ width_last_edited=“on|tablet“ module_alignment=“right“][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column_inner][et_pb_column_inner type=“1_2″ _builder_version=“4.9.4″ _module_preset=“default“ custom_padding=“150px|60px|150px|60px|true|true“ custom_padding_tablet=“150px|30px|150px|30px|true|true“ custom_padding_phone=“20px|20px|20px|20px|true|true“ custom_padding_last_edited=“on|tablet“ border_width_top=“1px“ border_color_top=“#F6D2A0″][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/reflect-ba.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/reflect-bg-12.png“ alt=“reflect: Herausforderungen der modernen Gesellschaft“ align=“right“ disabled_on=“on|off|off“ _builder_version=“4.9.4″ _module_preset=“default“ positioning=“absolute“ position_origin_a=“top_right“ vertical_offset=“-40px“ horizontal_offset=“-40px“ width=“100%“][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.9.4″ _module_preset=“default“ text_font=“||on||||||“ text_font_size=“17px“ text_font_size_tablet=““ text_font_size_phone=“16px“ text_font_size_last_edited=“on|phone“]Dr. Osman Kozli\u0107[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=“1_4″ _builder_version=“3.25″ custom_padding=“|||“ custom_padding__hover=“|||“][et_pb_sidebar orientation=“right“ disabled_on=“off|off|off“ _builder_version=“4.9.4″ _module_preset=“default“ custom_padding_tablet=““ custom_padding_phone=“||||false|false“ custom_padding_last_edited=“on|phone“][\/et_pb_sidebar][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ custom_padding_last_edited=“on|phone“ _builder_version=“4.9.4″ _module_preset=“default“ custom_padding_tablet=“0px||0px||false|false“ custom_padding_phone=“0px||0px||false|false“ global_module=“1951″ saved_tabs=“all“ locked=“off“ collapsed=“off“][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=“on|phone“ _builder_version=“4.9.4″ _module_preset=“default“ width_tablet=““ width_phone=“90%“ width_last_edited=“on|phone“ custom_padding_tablet=““ custom_padding_phone=“||10px||false|false“ border_width_top=“1px“ border_color_top=“rgba(243,199,158,0.45)“][et_pb_column type=“4_4″ _builder_version=“4.9.4″ _module_preset=“default“][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/reflect-ba.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/reflect-bg-12.png“ alt=“reflect: Herausforderungen der modernen Gesellschaft“ _builder_version=“4.9.4″ _module_preset=“default“ positioning=“absolute“ vertical_offset=“-68px“ horizontal_offset=“-38px“ width=“100%“][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_post_nav in_same_term=“on“ _builder_version=“4.9.4″ _module_preset=“default“ title_text_color=“#777777″ custom_padding=“10px||||false|false“ title_font_size_tablet=“17px“ title_font_size_phone=“15px“ title_font_size_last_edited=“on|tablet“ title_line_height_tablet=“1.7em“ title_line_height_phone=““ title_line_height_last_edited=“on|tablet“][\/et_pb_post_nav][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Komentar pojmova \u201eel-ma’ruf\u201c i \u201eel-munker\u201c kroz hadis ili za\u0161to do sada nismo uspjeli razviti svijest o op\u0107em dobru.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":28483,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reflect-sunna"],"yoast_head":"\nZa\u0161to nismo uspjeli razviti svijest o op\u0107em dobru? - reflect<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/reflect-ba.de\/de\/zasto-nismo-uspjeli-razviti-svijest-o-opcem-dobru\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Za\u0161to nismo uspjeli razviti svijest o op\u0107em dobru? 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